The basic pharmacophore, or active structure, of the fluoroquinolone class is based upon the quinoline ring system. The addition of the fluorine atom at C6 is what distinguishes the successive generations, fluoroquinolones, from the first generation, quinolones. It has since been demonstrated that the addition of the C6 fluorine atom is not a necessary requirement for the antibacterial activity of this class (circa 1997).
Various substitutions made to the quinoline ring resulted in the development of numerous fluoroquinolone drugs that we see today. Each substitution is associated with a number of specific adverse reactions, as well as increased activity against bacterial infections, where as the quinoline ring, in and of itself, has been associated with severe and even fatal adverse reactions.
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